ICP Analysis - Reef Zlements

Tank Owner : Krusty

Tank Name : Krustys Reef

Tank Volume(Litres) : 1500

Measurement Date : Nov 5 2025

	Element	Analysis Value	Set Point	Desired Level	Element Health
Base Parameters
Alk	Alkalinity	7.757 dKH	6.2 - 8.5 dKH	7.5 dKH	▲
pH	pH	8.07	8.1 - 8.4	8.25	▲	Dose
AB	Acid Binding Capacity	2.770 mmol/L	2.5 - 3.036 mmol/L	2.7 mmol/L	▲
CaCO₃	Calcium Carbonate Equivalent	138.519 ppm	121.6 - 152 ppm	135 ppm	▲
Cond	Conductivity	53.282 mS/cm	49.676 - 53.738 mS/cm	51.71 mS/cm	▲
Sal	Salinity	35.16ppt	33.00 - 35.00 ppt	34	▲	Help
SG	Specific Gravity	1.0266 sg	1.0245 - 1.0268 sg	1.0256 sg	▲
CLR	Colour	No
SML	Smell	No
Organics
SAC254	SAC254	2.46 m^-1	2 - 8 m^-1	2.5 m^-1	▲
Macro Elements
B	Boron	6.17 mg/l	4 - 10 mg/l	6 mg/l	▲
Br	Bromine	76.63 mg/l	62 - 100 mg/l	70 mg/l	▲
Ca	Calcium	379.97 mg/l	380 - 500 mg/l	420 mg/l	▲	Dose
Cl	Chloride	19917.41 mg/l	18200 - 20800 mg/l	19500 mg/l	▲
F	Fluoride	1.19 mg/l	1.2 - 1.9 mg/l	1.5 mg/l	▲	Dose
Mg	Magnesium	1373.81 mg/l	1350 - 1600 mg/l	1400 mg/l	▲
K	Potassium	437.93 mg/l	390 - 500 mg/l	425 mg/l	▲
Na	Sodium	11028.72 mg/l	10000 - 11300 mg/l	10700 mg/l	▲
Sr	Strontium	10.60 mg/l	8 - 12 mg/l	10 mg/l	▲
SO₄^2-	Sulfate	2430.96 mg/l	2426 - 2963 mg/l	2695 mg/l	▲
S	Sulphur	822.32 mg/l	810 - 990 mg/l	900 mg/l	▲
Trace Element
Ba	Barium	16.053 µg/l	10 - 100 µg/l	15 µg/l	▲
Be	Beryllium	< LOD	0 - 10 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Cr	Chromium	0.196 µg/l	0.2 - 1 µg/l	0.5 µg/l	▲	Dose
Co	Cobalt	0.204 µg/l	0.1 - 1 µg/l	0.2 µg/l	▲
Cu	Copper	< LOD	0.1 - 5 µg/l	0.2 µg/l	▲	Dose
I	Iodine	51.761 µg/l	60 - 95 µg/l	60 µg/l	▲	Dose
Fe	Iron	< LOD	0.2 - 5 µg/l	0.4 µg/l	▲	Dose
Li	Lithium	238.232 µg/l	180 - 500 µg/l	200 µg/l	▲
Mn	Manganese	0.262 µg/l	0.9 - 4 µg/l	2 µg/l	▲	Dose
Mo	Molybdenum	11.751 µg/l	12 - 20 µg/l	15 µg/l	▲	Dose
Ni	Nickel	0.950 µg/l	2 - 5 µg/l	2.5 µg/l	▲	Dose
Rb	Rubidium	153.244 µg/l	120 - 200 µg/l	150 µg/l	▲
Se	Selenium	0.270 µg/l	0.2 - 5 µg/l	0.2 µg/l	▲
Si	Silicon	172.880 µg/l	0 - 600 µg/l	200 µg/l	▲
Sn	Tin	0.706 µg/l	0 - 10 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
V	Vanadium	0.006 µg/l	0.5 - 5 µg/l	2 µg/l	▲	Dose
Zn	Zinc	< LOD	3 - 12 µg/l	5 µg/l	▲	Dose
Nutrients
NO3	Nitrate	61.55 mg/l	2 - 15 mg/l	5 mg/l	▲	Help
NO2	Nitrite	0.42 µg/l	0 - 300 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
PO4^3-	Orthophosphate	134.44 µg/l	30 - 80 µg/l	40 µg/l	▲	Help
P	Phosphorus	53.34 µg/l	7 - 27.5 µg/l	13 µg/l	▲	Help
PO4	Total Phosphate	0.16 mg/l	0.021 - 0.08 mg/l	0.04 mg/l	▲	Help
Pollutants
Al	Aluminium	< LOD	0 - 20 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Sb	Antimony	0.126 µg/l	0 - 10 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
As	Arsenic	< LOD	0 - 10 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Bi	Bismuth	< LOD	0 - 0.2 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Cd	Cadmium	0.018 µg/l	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ce	Cerium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Dy	Dysprosium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Er	Erbium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Eu	Europium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Gd	Gadolinium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ga	Gallium	0.046 µg/l	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ge	Germanium	< LOD	0 - 3 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ho	Holmium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
La	Lanthanum	1.517 µg/l	0 - 10 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Pb	Lead	< LOD	0 - 3 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Hg	Mercury	< LOD	0 - 3 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Nd	Neodymium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Nb	Niobium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Pr	Praseodymium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Sm	Samarium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ag	Silver	< LOD	0 - 3 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Te	Tellurium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Tb	Terbium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Tl	Thallium	< LOD	0 - 2 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Th	Thorium	0.023 µg/l	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Tm	Thulium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Ti	Titanium	0.272 µg/l	0 - 5 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
W	Tungsten	< LOD	0 - 5 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
U	Uranium	0.134 µg/l	0 - 3 µg/l	0.5 µg/l	▲
Yb	Ytterbium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Y	Yttrium	< LOD	0 - 1 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲
Zr	Zirconium	0.020 µg/l	0 - 5 µg/l	0 µg/l	▲

* < LOD is below limit of detection Back

	Element	Analysis Value	Set Point	Element Health
Base Parameters
pH	pH	8.07	8.1 - 8.4 mg/l	▲
pH (potential of hydrogen) is a crucial parameter in a reef aquarium due to its significant impact on the overall health and well-being of the aquatic ecosystem, particularly for the delicate and sensitive organisms that inhabit a reef environment, such as corals, fish, and invertebrates. Many reef-building corals and other calcifying organisms rely on the availability of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to form their skeletons and structures. The rate of calcification is influenced by pH levels. Maintaining a stable and appropriate pH range ensures that corals have access to the necessary carbonate ions for efficient calcification. pH plays a role in various biological processes, including enzyme activity, metabolic rates, and nutrient uptake. Organisms in a reef aquarium have evolved to function optimally within a specific pH range. Fluctuations in pH can disrupt these processes and lead to stress or even death of those organisms. pH is closely tied to the balance between dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and carbonate ions (CO32-) in the water. This carbonate equilibrium is essential for maintaining proper alkalinity levels. Alkalinity, in turn, helps stabilise pH by acting as a buffer, preventing rapid and harmful pH shifts. pH affects the ability of water to hold dissolved gases, including oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Proper gas exchange is crucial for respiration in fish and other organisms. If pH is too low or too high, it can disrupt gas exchange and lead to oxygen stress or suffocation. pH influences the behavior and health of reef organisms. Fluctuations in pH can cause stress, alter feeding patterns, and lead to weakened immune systems, making organisms more susceptible to diseases. Low pH in a reef aquarium can be problematic for several reasons, as it can adversely affect the health and well-being of the inhabitants and disrupt the delicate balance of the aquatic ecosystem. Many reef-building corals rely on the availability of carbonate ions (CO32-) to build their skeletons and structures. Low pH levels can limit the availability of carbonate ions, hindering coral calcification and growth. This can lead to weakened and stunted coral growth, making the corals more vulnerable to environmental stressors and diseases. Low pH often corresponds to reduced bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) ion concentrations, which are crucial components of the carbonate equilibrium and alkalinity. Alkalinity is essential for stabilizing pH and preventing rapid fluctuations. Inadequate alkalinity due to low pH can lead to pH swings that stress the inhabitants. Low pH can impact the ability of water to hold dissolved oxygen (O2) and release carbon dioxide (CO2). This can hinder proper respiration in fish and other aquatic organisms, potentially causing oxygen stress and suffocation. Low pH can contribute to stress-induced coral bleaching. When corals are stressed due to factors like high temperatures or poor water quality (including low pH), they expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that provide them with nutrients and color. This results in the loss of color and energy reserves in the corals, making them more susceptible to mortality. Low pH levels can also potentially promote the growth of pathogens in a reef aquarium. Pathogens are microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that can cause diseases in aquatic organisms. When the pH of the water is too low, it can create conditions that are favorable for the proliferation of certain pathogens. The microbial communities present in a reef aquarium play a crucial role in maintaining water quality and preventing the growth of harmful pathogens. Low pH can disrupt the balance of these microbial communities, potentially allowing harmful pathogens to gain a foothold and multiply. Low pH can directly harm corals and other organisms. When corals are stressed by low pH, it can lead to tissue damage and openings in their protective layers. These openings can provide entry points for pathogens to infect the corals and cause diseases. To increase pH in your tank consider dosing our unique 2 part dosing pHplus which not only will provide all the needed Macro and Trace elements but will increase the pH in the aquarium. If pHplus isn’t enough consider the use of CarboZorb in a CO2 scrubber – CarboZorb is our CO2 absorbing media which will remove the CO2 going into the tank and will contribute to a higher pH.
Macro Elements
Ca	Calcium	379.97 mg/l	380 - 500 mg/l	▲
Calcium is one of the most important macro elements, present in abundance in reefs around the world. All animals present in our aquariums, including corals, clams, bacteria, and algae need calcium along with carbonates to support their vital functions and growth. It is therefore crucial to supply our tanks with a stable level of calcium. Corals and clams use calcium combined with carbonates to precipitate calcium carbonate into their skeleton/shells and grow. Insufficient calcium will inhibit coral growth (especially SPS/LPS) with levels below 350 mg/l being particularly dangerous for such corals leading to coral STN/RTN. Adequate levels of calcium (between 380-440 mg/l) along with pH values between 8-8.6 are important to ensure corals and other animals sustain healthy growth. At higher pH levels (max of 8.6) corals spend less energy calcifying their skeletons leading to improved health and faster growth. The use of our 2-part systems, Complete or pHplus, will supplement Calcium, helping to maintain adequate levels over time. If your pH level is below 8.2, consider the use of pHplus as a mineral supplementation method which is unrivalled at increasing pH levels whilst supplementing calcium and other essential elements. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of Calcium supplementation a 10 and suitable for all levels of reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Calcium, helping to maintain adequate levels over time. If your pH level is below 8.2, consider the use of pHplus as a mineral supplementation method which is unrivaled at increasing pH levels whilst supplementing calcium and other essential elements. To reach the desired level of 420.00 mg/l please dose 150.11 ml of Reef Zlements Calcium per day for 2 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 150.11 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 150.11 ml
F	Fluoride	1.19 mg/l	1.2 - 1.9 mg/l	▲
Fluor is a naturally occurring chemical element that is commonly found in water sources, including seawater in the form of Fluoride (F-). Fluoride cannot be measured with an ICP technique and therefore requires a secondary test using Ion Chromatography or an Ion Selective Electrode. It is an element that like Iodine and Bromide belongs to the halogen group and performs an important role. In a reef aquarium, fluoride is generally present at low concentrations as it is in marine environments. The importance of fluoride in a reef aquarium lies in its potential role in coral health and skeletal formation. Some research suggests that fluoride may contribute to the structural integrity of coral skeletons by incorporating fluoride ions into the aragonite crystal lattice, which is the primary component of coral skeletons. This process is believed to increase the density and strength of the skeleton, making it more resistant to physical stress and predation. However, it’s essential to note that while fluoride may have a beneficial impact on coral skeletons, it is just one of many factors that contribute to overall coral health and growth. Fluoride levels are typically not a primary concern for most reef aquarium hobbyists however, values consistently below 1.2 mg/l will lead to poor colouration and growth, higher light sensitivity and less resistance to parasites. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of Fluoride supplementation a 6 and suitable for all levels of reefers. To reach the desired level of 1.50 mg/l please dose 116.25 ml of Reef Zlements Fluoride per day for 2 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 116.25 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 116.25 ml
Trace Element
Cr	Chromium	0.20 µg/l	0.2 - 1 µg/l	▲
Chromium is a trace element present in small quantities in the seawater of reefs all around the world. Chromium is used to form enzymes for fat metabolisation in cells as such may have positive impacts on coral skeleton calcification, health and coloration. Chromium gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly. Naturally, Chromium in seawater varies strongly and is usually between 0.2-0.6 µg/l. Too low chromium values lead to slow growth. Chromium plays an important role in the absorption and use of fatty acids in corals. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of chromium supplementation a 4 and suitable for experienced reefers only. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Chromium helping to maintain adequate levels over time. It is recommended to dose Chromium continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Chromium is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with chromium – barium, iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 0.50 µg/l please dose 0.13 ml of Reef Zlements Chromium per day for 17 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 0.13 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 0.13 ml
Cu	Copper	< LOD	0.1 - 5 µg/l	▲
Copper is a trace element present in small quantities in the seawater of reefs all around the world. Copper is an essential trace element that kept in small concentrations has positive impacts on coral skeleton calcification, health and colouration along being needed for multiple biological processes of corals and other organisms. It is important to check Copper levels through ICP analysis and ensure adequate levels and stability by dosing a Copper supplement as needed. Naturally, Copper in seawater varies but its concentration doesn’t go above 3 µg/l. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of copper supplementation a 5 and suitable for experienced reefers only. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement copper helping to maintain adequate levels over time. It is recommended to dose copper continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Copper is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with copper – barium, iron, chromium, cobalt, manganese, nickel and zinc. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 0.20 µg/l please dose 0.15 ml of Reef Zlements Copper per day for 10 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.15 ml
I	Iodine	51.76 µg/l	60 - 95 µg/l	▲
Iodine is a trace element belonging to the halogen group, which is present in reefs all around the world, being one of the most important elements for all animals and plants in our aquariums. It can be present in different organic and inorganic forms, however in our aquariums Iodine mainly exists as inorganic iodine, iodate, and iodide. Nonetheless corals and bacteria can absorb all forms of iodine, and as such it is irrelevant in which form it is added. Iodine concentrations in seawater vary widely, but it is commonly agreed that a level of 60-80 µg/l is ideal. Iodine has been known to have a positive impact in aquariums where macro algae is present and to impact the blue and green colours of the genus Acropora and Montipora. A low Iodine concentration manifests itself in poor colouration, reduced (or non-existent) growth, colourless growth tips or growth edges, and high light sensitivity allowing bleaching to more readily occur. Low Iodine concentrations can also weaken the coral immune system, reducing any resistance to parasites. Below ideal levels, Iodine will greatly impact bio-filtration and coral polyp extension is reduced (even when feeding LPS). Very low levels of Iodine combined with low levels of other halogens such as Bromine can promote dinoflagellate growth. With extreme iodine deficiency i.e. below 30 µg/l, SPS corals stop growing and RTN-STN infections occur more frequently. With continued iodine deficiency, SPS corals start to STN from the base. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of Iodine supplementation a 9 and suitable for all levels of reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Iodine helping to maintain adequate levels over time. For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with iodine – fluorine, lithium, molybdenum, selenium and vanadium. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 60.00 µg/l please dose 1.24 ml of Reef Zlements Iodine per day for 1 day.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 1.24 ml
Fe	Iron	< LOD	0.2 - 5 µg/l	▲
Iron is present in reefs all around the world, being one of the most important elements for all animals and plants in our aquariums. Having a strong role in many different metabolic processes, including the transport of oxygen in the blood of animals. Iron gets depleted (precipitates) from the water in our tanks very quickly. Iron has been known to have a positive impact in aquariums where macro algae is present and to improve green colours. It also plays an important role in the availability of nitrogen. A deficiency of Iron can result in corals and biofilms (bacteria) not being able to process nitrogen compounds as well, if at all. The reflection of this is that nutrients (NO3 and PO4) in the system increase substantially. Often Iron is a limiting factor in the nitrogen cycle and carbon dosing (CarboPlus) will not perform as expected in reducing PO₄³⁻ and NO3- due to a lack of Iron. A good Iron supplementation will improve the green and yellow colours in corals. Iron not only precipitates quickly but, is also removed by filtration and consumed quickly, it is recommended that the dose shown below is performed weekly by splitting in to as many doses as possible (ideally dosed more than once a day). On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of Iron supplementation a 7 and suitable for all levels of reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Iron helping to maintain adequate supplementation over time. It is recommended to dose Iron continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Iron is present and available in the water (despite the quick depletion and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). If you maintain macro algae please multiply your daily dose by 2x. However, if yellow corals do start to appear green, reduce the dose. Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with iron – barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 0.40 µg/l please dose 0.10 ml of Reef Zlements Iron per day for 29 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 18 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 19 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 20 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 21 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 22 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 23 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 24 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 25 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 26 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 27 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 28 dosed amount - 0.10 ml Day 29 dosed amount - 0.10 ml
Mn	Manganese	0.26 µg/l	0.9 - 4 µg/l	▲
Manganese is present in all reefs around the world, being an extremely important element for animals and plants in our aquariums. Being a cofactor to many enzymes it has a strong role in the metabolic processes of almost all organisms, Manganese has been known to have a positive impact around the oxidative processes in organisms and is an essential element for corals having an impact in both growth and colouration (specially red). Manganese in the aquarium precipitates quickly making it almost non-existent thus, can only be detected if the concentration is much higher than needed. A lack of manganese is visible in dull tissue, reduced growth (or none at all), colourless growth tips and little to no polyp extension in Goniopora and Alveopora corals as well as light sensitivity in LPS. Manganese also plays an important role in photosynthesis making it crucial for corals, algae and phytoplankton. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of manganese supplementation an 8 and suitable for all levels of reefers. If GFO is used we recommend the additional supplementation of Manganese as GFO will absorb Mn. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete/pHplus or our NO3/PO4 reduction supplement CarboPlus will supplement Manganese helping to maintain adequate levels over time. It is recommended to dose Manganese daily and as in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Manganese is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). If you maintain Goniopora corals, macro algae or a high coral bio-mass please multiply your daily dose by 2x. Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with manganese – barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 2.00 µg/l please dose 0.44 ml of Reef Zlements Manganese per day for 30 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 18 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 19 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 20 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 21 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 22 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 23 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 24 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 25 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 26 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 27 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 28 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 29 dosed amount - 0.44 ml Day 30 dosed amount - 0.44 ml
Mo	Molybdenum	11.75 µg/l	12 - 20 µg/l	▲
Molybdenum is present in all reefs around the world and is an essential element for many marine creatures as it allows many enzymatic processes to occur, e.g. nitrate reductase and sulfite oxidase. It is a trace element that is not as abundant as lithium but is more abundant than other elements such as Manganese and Iron. Molybdenum is quite important for corals, inverts, and bacteria as it improves coral coloration and helps to regulate photo sensitivity, protects inverts from copper toxicity, and allows bacteria to perform the nitrate reductase. A deficiency of Molybdenum will lead to a reduction in growth and an increase in nutrient levels. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of molybdenum supplementation an 8 and suitable for all levels of reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete/pHplus or our CarboPlus nutrient reduction supplement will supplement Molybdenum helping to maintain adequate levels over time. For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with molybdenum – fluorine, iodine, lithium, selenium and vanadium. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 15.00 µg/l please dose 6.09 ml of Reef Zlements Molybdenum per day for 4 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 6.09 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 6.09 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 6.09 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 6.09 ml
Ni	Nickel	0.95 µg/l	2 - 5 µg/l	▲
Nickel is present in reefs all around the world and is an essential element for many marine creatures and bacteria as it promotes many enzymatic processes to occur. With the ideal Nickel concentration, improvements in growth along with red and turquoise colours and contrast. Nonetheless, Nickel gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly. Nickel has a growth-enhancing effect if ideal Nitrate levels are found in the water. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of nickel supplementation a 3 and suitable for experienced reefers only. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will help to maintain adequate levels over time. It is recommended to dose Nickel continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Nickel is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with nickel – barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 2.50 µg/l please dose 0.58 ml of Reef Zlements Nickel per day for 20 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 18 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 19 dosed amount - 0.58 ml Day 20 dosed amount - 0.58 ml
V	Vanadium	0.01 µg/l	0.5 - 5 µg/l	▲
Vanadium is a metal present in reefs all around the world in different states of oxidation. It is an essential element for many marine creatures as it is an enzymatic cofactor, promoting many processes to occur in particular in the metabolism of cells. This transition metal is extremely important in colouration, growth of coral tissue along other organisms present in the aquarium. Vanadium is also deeply connected to nutrient export and without Vanadium this is highly impacted leading to high levels of Nitrate and Phosphate in the aquarium. In parallel it also leads dull colours without contrast our fluorescence. Vanadium gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly, particularly in aquariums with a refugium as Vanadium helps algae to perform photosynthesis optimally. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of vanadium supplementation an 8 and suitable for all levels of reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Vanadium helping to ensure a constant supply over time. Dosing CarboPlus will also supply the aquarium with Vanadium. It is recommended to dose Vanadium continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Vanadium is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with vanadium – fluorine, iodine, lithium, molybdenum and selenium. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 2.00 µg/l please dose 0.15 ml of Reef Zlements Vanadium per day for 34 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 18 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 19 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 20 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 21 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 22 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 23 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 24 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 25 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 26 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 27 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 28 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 29 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 30 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 31 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 32 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 33 dosed amount - 0.15 ml Day 34 dosed amount - 0.15 ml
Zn	Zinc	< LOD	3 - 12 µg/l	▲
Zinc is a trace element present in reefs all around the world and is one of the most important elements for all animals and plants in our aquariums as it is involved in many metabolic and cellular processes. Zinc concentrations in seawater normally vary between 0.6-5 µg/l, however, Zinc gets depleted from the water in our tanks very quickly. Low Zinc concentrations will impair coral growth and render corals more sensitive to light and bleaching. The nutrient cycle is also impacted and the bio-export of NO3 and PO4 is significantly reduced. On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of zinc supplementation a 4 and suitable for experienced reefers. The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will help to maintain adequate levels over time. It is recommended to dose Zinc continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Zinc is present and available in the water (despite potentially being below the ICP limit of detection). Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less). For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions. The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with zinc – barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and nickel. Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products. To reach the desired level of 5.00 µg/l please dose 1.50 ml of Reef Zlements Zinc per day for 25 days.			Dosing Diary Total dosed 0.00 ml Day 1 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 2 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 3 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 4 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 5 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 6 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 7 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 8 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 9 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 10 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 11 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 12 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 13 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 14 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 15 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 16 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 17 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 18 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 19 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 20 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 21 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 22 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 23 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 24 dosed amount - 1.50 ml Day 25 dosed amount - 1.50 ml
Nutrients

	Element	Analysis Value	Set Point	Element Health
Base Parameters
Sal	Salinity	35.16ppt	33.00 - 35.00 ppt	▲

Macro Element
Trace Element
Nutrients
NO3	Nitrate	61.55 mg/l	2 - 15 mg/l	▲
Nitrate (NO3-) is a molecule that contains nitrogen and oxygen. In the context of a reef aquarium, nitrates are a byproduct of the nitrogen cycle, which is crucial for maintaining water quality and a healthy environment for the aquarium inhabitants, particularly in a reef aquarium. Nitrates along with orthophosphate at ideal levels are considered important nutrients for corals, helping coral health and colouration. Idealy nitrates want to be kept below 25 in a 1:100 ratio to orthophosphate. With ideal levels and this ratio, the ideal NO3/PO4 conditions for coral health and algae control are achieved. Nonetheless, if the nitrates are too high excessive bacteria (including cyanobacteria), undesireable algae can appear and corals tend to become darker so, it is important to maintain nitrates within the ideal range. To keep nitrate levels in check, ensure that you use an adequately sized protein skimmer, employ efficient biological filtration, control feeding and waste accumulation in the tank. Additionally, you can add a refugium or algae reactor to the system. To help both the biological filtration and macro algae we recommend the use of CarboPlus which you can find more information here
PO4^3-	Orthophosphate	134.44 µg/l	30 - 80 µg/l	▲
Orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻) is likely the most important nutrient in the reef aquaria when it comes to corals, however too much can lead to corals losing coral and becoming brown and to the reduction if coral growth. It can also lead to algae and bacteria issues. PO₄³⁻ swings can lead to STN/RTN so, it is important to carefully manage Phosphate levels. To manage PO4 adequately, a conscious fish load and feeding should be observed, this will in turn help avoiding the deposits of organic matter containing undesired excess of nutrients. We recommend the use of our new high efficient liquid Phosphate remover PhosFate or a good quality Granular Ferric Oxide (GFO) like RowaPhos.
P	Phosphorus	53.34 µg/l	7 - 27.5 µg/l	▲
Phosphorous is likely the most important nutrient in the reef aquaria when it comes to corals, however too much in the form of Orthophosphate can lead to corals losing colour, becoming brown and to the reduction of coral growth. It can also lead to algae and bacterial issues. Swings can lead to STN/RNT so, it is important to carefully manage Phosphorous/Phosphate levels. To manage PO4 adequately, a conscious fish load and feeding should be observed, this will in turn help avoiding the deposits of organic matter containing undesired excess of nutrients. We recommend the use of our new high efficient liquid Phosphate remover PhosFate or a good quality Granular Ferric Oxide (GFO) like RowaPhos.
P	Phosphate	0.16 mg/l	0.021 - 0.08 mg/l	▲
Total Phosphate is the sum of all forms of phosphate present in a given sample. Phosphate (PO₄⁻) can exist in different chemical forms depending on factors such as pH, temperature, and the environment. The three main forms of phosphate are: Orthophosphate (PO4³⁻) which is also measured with the Advanced ICP test, is also known as inorganic phosphate and is the most biologically available form of phosphate. It is directly used by corals, algae, bacteria and other organisms as a nutrient. Orthophosphate is the primary form of phosphate that aquarium hobbyists should focus on, as it has the most significant impact on the corals and the aquarium. Polyphosphates are composed of multiple phosphate molecules linked together. In water, they can break down into orthophosphate over time and become biologically available. Organic phosphates are phosphorus compounds bound to organic molecules, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These compounds can also be contained in plants/algae, bacteria, detritus, etc. and are generally not readily available as a nutrient source for most aquatic organisms, as they need to be released into the water, broken down and converted into orthophosphate by biological processes before they can be utilized. When measuring total phosphate via ICP testing, all these forms of phosphate are included in the analysis to get a comprehensive view of the total phosphorus content in a sample. This analysis is essential for understanding the nutrient dynamics and potential eutrophication (excessive nutrient enrichment leading to algal blooms) in aquatic environments, including in reef tanks. For reef aquarium hobbyists, it’s often more critical to monitor and control orthophosphate levels since it is the primary form of phosphate that affects coral and algae growth in the tank. High orthophosphate levels can lead to algae issues and negatively impact coral health, nonetheless reefers can likely infer the amount of detritus, plankton, bacteria and ultimately water quality level looking at the difference between the Total Phosphate and the Orthophosphate concentrations. The bigger the difference is the more likely is the presence of detritus, algae, bacteria, etc. in the water thus potentially reducing the water quality. To resolve the above, reefers should use adequately sized skimmers, filter rollers like the Clarisea along with UV and Ozone systems which will help to remove these “detritus” from the water. Following from the above a total phosphate concentration as close to the orthophosphate concentration as possible is likely a good indicator of a “clean water” free from detritus and other undesired bodies. To manage PO4 adequately, a conscious fish load and feeding should be observed, this will in turn help avoiding the deposits of organic matter containing undesired excess of nutrients. If the Orthophosphate is equally high, we recommend the use of our new highly efficient liquid Phosphate remover PhosFate or a good quality Granular Ferric Oxide (GFO) like RowaPhos.
Pollutants

Tank Name	Krustys Reef
Tank Volume	1500
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ICP Analysis - Reef Zlements

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