Chromium is a trace element present in small quantities in the seawater of reefs all around the world.

Chromium is used to form enzymes for fat metabolisation in cells as such may have positive impacts on coral skeleton calcification, health and coloration.

Chromium gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly. Naturally, Chromium in seawater varies strongly and is usually between 0.2-0.6 µg/l.

Too low chromium values lead to slow growth. Chromium plays an important role in the absorption and use of fatty acids in corals.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of chromium supplementation a 4 and suitable for experienced reefers only.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Chromium helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

It is recommended to dose Chromium continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Chromium is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with chromium – barium, iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 0.50 µg/l please dose 0.02 ml of Reef Zlements Chromium per day for 28 days.

Cobalt is a trace element present in a low concentration in oceans, varying between 0.002μg/L in north central Pacific Ocean and 0.39μg/L in Indian Ocean.

Cobalt is an integral part of vitamin B12 and plays a fundamental role in DNA; cell processes along being a nutrient for macro algae. It has been suggested that Cobalt might be a limiting factor of the bio-availability in the oceans and therefore an important trace element for the life of our animals.

Insufficient cobalt values reduce growth and colour formation.

Due to the extremely small amount needed in our aquariums, Cobalt is usually below the ICP detection limit. Nonetheless, despite potentially being present in undetectable levels the correction to reference levels will be ideal.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of cobalt supplementation a 4 and suitable for experienced reefers only.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement cobalt helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

It is recommended to dose Cobalt continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Cobalt is present and available in the water (despite depletion and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less).

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with cobalt – barium, iron, chromium, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements. We cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 0.20 µg/l please dose 0.02 ml of Reef Zlements Cobalt per day for 12 days.

Copper is a trace element present in small quantities in the seawater of reefs all around the world.

Copper is an essential trace element that kept in small concentrations has positive impacts on coral skeleton calcification, health and colouration along being needed for multiple biological processes of corals and other organisms.

It is important to check Copper levels through ICP analysis and ensure adequate levels and stability by dosing a Copper supplement as needed.

Naturally, Copper in seawater varies but its concentration doesn’t go above 3 µg/l.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of copper supplementation a 5 and suitable for experienced reefers only.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement copper helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

It is recommended to dose copper continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Copper is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less).

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with copper – barium, iron, chromium, cobalt, manganese, nickel and zinc.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 0.20 µg/l please dose 0.02 ml of Reef Zlements Copper per day for 10 days.

Iodine is a trace element belonging to the halogen group, which is present in reefs all around the world, being one of the most important elements for all animals and plants in our aquariums.

It can be present in different organic and inorganic forms, however in our aquariums Iodine mainly exists as inorganic iodine, iodate, and iodide.

Nonetheless corals and bacteria can absorb all forms of iodine, and as such it is irrelevant in which form it is added.

Iodine concentrations in seawater vary widely, but it is commonly agreed that a level of 60-80 µg/l is ideal.

Iodine has been known to have a positive impact in aquariums where macro algae is present and to impact the blue and green colours of the genus Acropora and Montipora.

A low Iodine concentration manifests itself in poor colouration, reduced (or non-existent) growth, colourless growth tips or growth edges, and high light sensitivity allowing bleaching to more readily occur.

Low Iodine concentrations can also weaken the coral immune system, reducing any resistance to parasites.

Below ideal levels, Iodine will greatly impact bio-filtration and coral polyp extension is reduced (even when feeding LPS).

Very low levels of Iodine combined with low levels of other halogens such as Bromine can promote dinoflagellate growth.
With extreme iodine deficiency i.e. below 30 µg/l, SPS corals stop growing and RTN-STN infections occur more frequently.

With continued iodine deficiency, SPS corals start to STN from the base.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of Iodine supplementation a 9 and suitable for all levels of reefers.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Iodine helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with iodine – fluorine, lithium, molybdenum, selenium and vanadium.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 60.00 µg/l please dose 0.20 ml of Reef Zlements Iodine per day for 3 days.

Lithium is a metal that is present in reefs all around the world in substantially high quantities.

The effects of Lithium on animal and plant physiology are still to be researched but it is thought to be important for overall health.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of lithium supplementation a 4 and suitable for all levels of reefers.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Lithium, helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with lithium – fluorine, iodine, molybdenum, selenium and vanadium.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 200.00 µg/l please dose 3.80 ml of Reef Zlements Lithium per day for 4 days.

Molybdenum is present in all reefs around the world and is an essential element for many marine creatures as it allows many enzymatic processes to occur, e.g. nitrate reductase and sulfite oxidase.

It is a trace element that is not as abundant as lithium but is more abundant than other elements such as Manganese and Iron.

Molybdenum is quite important for corals, inverts, and bacteria as it improves coral coloration and helps to regulate photo sensitivity, protects inverts from copper toxicity, and allows bacteria to perform the nitrate reductase.

A deficiency of Molybdenum will lead to a reduction in growth and an increase in nutrient levels.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of molybdenum supplementation an 8 and suitable for all levels of reefers.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete/pHplus or our CarboPlus nutrient reduction supplement will supplement Molybdenum helping to maintain adequate levels over time.

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with molybdenum – fluorine, iodine, lithium, selenium and vanadium.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 15.00 µg/l please dose 0.92 ml of Reef Zlements Molybdenum per day for 12 days.

Nickel is present in reefs all around the world and is an essential element for many marine creatures and bacteria as it promotes many enzymatic processes to occur.

With the ideal Nickel concentration, improvements in growth along with red and turquoise colours and contrast.

Nonetheless, Nickel gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly.

Nickel has a growth-enhancing effect if ideal Nitrate levels are found in the water.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of nickel supplementation a 3 and suitable for experienced reefers only.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will help to maintain adequate levels over time.

It is recommended to dose Nickel continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Nickel is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less).

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with nickel – barium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, nickel and zinc.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 2.50 µg/l please dose 0.08 ml of Reef Zlements Nickel per day for 32 days.

Selenium is a trace element present in small quantities in the seawater of reefs all around the world.

​Selenium is a very important trace element that kept in small concentrations has positive impacts on coral skeleton calcification, health and coloration along protecting the corals from oxidative compounds. To maximise its benefits Selenium should be used in conjunction with VitaPlus.

It is recommended to dose Selenium continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Selenium is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less).

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of selenium supplementation a 5 and suitable for experienced reefers only.

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with selenium – fluorine, iodine, lithium, molybdenum and vanadium.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 0.20 µg/l please dose 0.02 ml of Reef Zlements Selenium per day for 12 days.

Vanadium is a metal present in reefs all around the world in different states of oxidation. It is an essential element for many marine creatures as it is an enzymatic cofactor, promoting many processes to occur in particular in the metabolism of cells.

This transition metal is extremely important in colouration, growth of coral tissue along other organisms present in the aquarium.

Vanadium is also deeply connected to nutrient export and without Vanadium this is highly impacted leading to high levels of Nitrate and Phosphate in the aquarium. In parallel it also leads dull colours without contrast our fluorescence.

​Vanadium gets depleted from the water in our tanks quickly, particularly in aquariums with a refugium as Vanadium helps algae to perform photosynthesis optimally.

On a scale of 1-10 (1 low, 10 high) we classify the importance of vanadium supplementation an 8 and suitable for all levels of reefers.

The use of our 2 part systems like Complete or pHplus will supplement Vanadium helping to ensure a constant supply over time. Dosing CarboPlus will also supply the aquarium with Vanadium.

It is recommended to dose Vanadium continuously (as needed) in as many small doses as possible. This will ensure Vanadium is present and available in the water (despite precipitation and potentially being below the ICP limit of detection).

Please note that for reference one drop is approximately 0.02-0.05 ml. If your recommended dose is below 1 drop per day, feel free to dose every other day (or less).

For ease of dosing and if you wish you can dose our elements via a dosing pump mixing them together in 2 solutions.

The following Reef Zlements elements can be mixed with vanadium – fluorine, iodine, lithium, molybdenum and selenium.

Please note that given the different products available in the market the above only applies to Reef Zlements trace elements and that we cannot guarantee the safety of the mix with other products.

To reach the desired level of 2.00 µg/l please dose 0.02 ml of Reef Zlements Vanadium per day for 34 days.

Potassium is widely present in all reefs around the world. It is an important macro element that is involved in a variety of animal tissue and cellular processes like cellular membrane potential, cell communication and signal transduction. Potassium has impacts on coral health and colour, along with benefiting bacterial colonies.

However, high levels of Potassium normally above 500ug/l can lead to tissue damage, growth rate reduction, impact on coloration and ultimately coral death.

We therefore recommend you performing 6x 20% water changes with a high quality salt to lower the potassium levels to around 400 mg/l.

Zinc can be introduced into the aquarium via trace element supplements, frozen/dry food, nori or via rubbers, rusting equipment/metal in and around the aquarium. If levels are high, it is important to check for the source.

To lower high zinc concentrations from the aquarium use a high quality activated carbon like Reef Zlements activated carbon which you can find here and or perform 6x 20% water changes with a high quality salt.